• System-level optimization and engineering design dominate, linking recirculating mariculture feasibility, inorganic nitrogen removal in tertiary treatments, and device-oriented improvements to enhance efficiency across aquaculture systems [8], [2], [9], [19].

• Experimental pond culture patterns show optimization of growth and production via varying stocking rates, feeds, salinity, and temperature across Penaeus aztecus and P. setiferus, with multiple studies documenting growth trajectories and feed conversion in controlled ponds [1], [5], [13], [6], [15].

• Cage culture and canal-based mariculture emerge as practical containment strategies in brackish and coastal waters, testing cage systems in intake/discharge canals and in brackish environments for rainbow trout and marine fishes [7], [20].

• Phytoplankton ecology and nutrient dynamics underpin aquaculture system design, including amino acid uptake by marine phytoplankters, continuous cultures in treated sewage effluent, algal bioassays, and bacteriophage survival in sewage-treatment models [12], [16], [11], [18].